What is a hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a common condition characterised by the accumulation of fluid in the sac around the testicle, known as the tunica vaginalis. This can result in swelling of the scrotum. They can be classified into two main types: communicating and non-communicating.

Communicating:

In a communicating hydrocele, there is a connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity. This connection allows fluid to move back and forth, causing the size of the hydrocele to change. Communicating hydroceles are more common in newborns and infants.

Non-Communicating:

In a non-communicating hydrocele, there is no connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity. The fluid accumulates in the sac, but there is no movement of fluid in and out. Non-communicating hydroceles can occur at any age, and they are more common in older children and adults.

Symptoms of Hydrocele:

  • Swelling of the scrotum, which may be painless.
  • The swelling may vary in size.
  • Discomfort or a heavy feeling in the scrotum.

Causes of Hydrocele:

Congenital Factors:

In infants, a communicating hydrocele may result from the failure of the connection between the abdominal cavity and the tunica vaginalis to close as it normally does.

Inflammation or Injury:

Inflammation, infection, or trauma to the scrotum can cause fluid accumulation.

Tumor:

Rarely, a tumor in the testicle or scrotum can cause a hydrocele.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Physical Examination:

A healthcare provider can often diagnose this through a physical examination, where they may shine a light through the scrotum to determine if the swelling is translucent.

Imaging Tests:

Ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options:

In many cases, in infants, they tend to resolve on their own without intervention. However, if it persists or causes discomfort, treatment options may include:

Observation:

If the hydrocele is small and not causing symptoms, it may be observed without immediate intervention.

Aspiration (Drainage):

A needle may be used to drain the fluid. However, this is often a temporary solution, as the fluid may re-accumulate.

Surgery (Hydrocelectomy):

Surgical removal of the hydrocele sac is a more permanent solution. This is typically done in cases where the hydrocele is causing significant discomfort or if it recurs after drainage.

Recovery:

Observation:

Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider may be recommended.

Post-Surgery:

Following surgery, there is usually a recovery period, during which patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities and follow any postoperative instructions provided by their healthcare team.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management. Please contact us here.